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自考“英语(一)”笔记 五十六

英语学习网 2023-03-07 11:18:26 739

自考“英语(一)”笔记 五十六


15.unrealistic adj. impractical1 (不切实际的)
1)It is unrealistic to expect better conditions in the near future.
(在不远的将来盼望有更好的局势是不现实的。)
2)This demand proved unrealistic and unworkable. (这个要求证明是不切实际且不可行的。)
3)You have unrealistic expectations. (你的期望不切实际。)
16.imitate v. 仿照
imitation n. 仿照
imitative adj. 仿照的;拷贝的
1)Many writers imitate the language of Shakespeare. (许多作家仿照莎士比亚的语言。)
2)His handwriting is difficult to imitate. (他的笔迹很难仿照。)
3)Children learn many things by imitation. (儿童经过仿照学会许多东西。)
4)Acting is an imitative art. (扮演是一种仿照性艺术。)
5)Monkeys are imitative (猴儿爱仿照。)
17.undermine vt. weaken (腐蚀…根底;私自损坏;逐步危害)
1)Many severe colds undermined the old man‘s health.(多次严峻的伤风危害了老人的健康。)
2)Failures undermined her confidence. (再三的失败使她逐渐丧失了决心。)

3)The foundations of the house have been undermined by groundwater.(地下水腐蚀了这座房子的地基。)

18.jeopardize2 vt. threaten endanger (使处于危险境地;危及,危害)
1)He jeopardized3 his life to save the drowning child. (他冒着生命危害救助那个溺水儿童。)
2)He jeopardized his fortune by making bad investments.(他由于出资不妥而危及自己的财产。)
3)I didn‘t want to jeopardize my relationship with my new friend.(我不想危害我和新朋友的联系。)
19.interpret vt. 解说;口译
interpretation4 n. 解说;口译
interpreter n. 口译者
1)Literature helps to interpret life. (文学有助于阐明人生的意义。)
2)His silence was interpreted as consent. (他的沉默沉静被认为是赞同。)
3)People often give different interpretations5 of the past. (人们往往对过去作出不同的解说。)
4)He is talking to the foreign guest through an interpreter. (他正经过舌人与外国客人交谈。)
20.monitor n. 监视器;监控器;监听员;班长    v. 监听;监视;监控
1)The patient was connected to the monitor. (一台监控器连接到患者身上。)
2)He is the monitor of our class. (他是咱们班班长。)
3)The police monitored all the phone calls of the suspect. (差人监听了疑犯的所有电话通话。)
4)Water flow will be monitored by computer. (水流将由计算机来监测。)
21.initiate6 vt. 开端;建议,倡议;接纳新成员
1)We should initiate direct talks with the trade unions.(咱们应该与贸易联合会开端直接对话。)
2)They initiated7 a new program of reform. (他们开端施行一项新的改革方案。)
3)The club will initiate new members next week. (沙龙将在下周接纳新成员。)
22.restrict vt. 约束;约束
restricted adj. 受约束的;有限的
restriction8 n. 约束,约束
1)Women in China are no longer restricted to domestic labor9 now.(现在,中国妇女不再被捆绑于家务劳动了。)
2)He was restricted in his movements. (他的行为受约束。)
3)This rule has a very restricted application (这条规则的适用范围极为有限。)
4)The government placed restrictions10 on sales of weapons. (政府对兵器销售实行约束。)
23.depict11 vt. portray12 (描画,描绘)
1)The painter tried to depict the splendour of the sunset.(画家企图描绘出日落的壮丽景象。)
2)She went on to depict the confusion of departure (她持续描绘脱离时的混乱情形。)
24.imply v. 暗示,含有的意思
implied adj. 宛转的
implication n. 意义
1)I don‘t imply that you are wrong. (我的意思不是说你错了。)
2)His silence implied consent. (他的沉默表明赞同。)
3)I don‘t understand the implied meaning of this sentence. (我不了解这句话的意义。)
4)The implication of his statement is that I was wrong. (他这话的意义是我错了。)
25.alternative n. 供挑选的东西       adj. 两者择一的;供挑选的
1)He was given the alternative of going on to college or starting to work.(他得在上大学持续肄业和开端作业之间作出挑选。)
2)Is there any alternative to undergoing a surgical13 operation?(除外科手术外还有其它办法吗?)

3)You have no alternative but to stay here overnight. (你只好过夜一夜,别无他法。)

4)We should explore alternative possibilities in solving the problem.(咱们应该探求各种供挑选的可能性来处理这个问题。)
5)The alternative plans of having a picnic on taking a boat trip put them in a dilemma14.(去野餐或者去搭船旅行二者只能择一的方案使他们左右为难。)
本课简介
越来越多的现实证明,暴力电视节目对儿童的生长有不良影响,学龄前儿童受暴力电视节目的危害尤深,因为他们尚不彻底具有辩别现实与梦想的能力,对人类行为、品德冲突的内在动机也不了解。儿童常常把从电视中看到的行为用于现实生活之中。爸爸妈妈还应协助儿童了解他们所看的电视节目,爸爸妈妈也要了解幼儿的老师对与战役和暴力相关连的电视节目及儿童玩具的态度,并与那些有一致的其他儿童的爸爸妈妈一起尽力,寻求各种办法替代观看暴力电视节目。
本课语言点
1. For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children‘s exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior.
a quarter (of)“四分之一”,如:a quarter of a pound(四分之一磅);a quarter of a century(四分之一世纪);a quarter of a mile(四分之一英里);a quarter (of a dollar) (25美分);a quarter of a million(25万);a quarter (of an hour)(15分钟)。
…that children‘s exposure to violence on television…
that 引导的是一个同位语从句,这个同位语从句没有直接跟在名词evidence的后边,而是被has been increasing隔开了。同位语的作用是对它所阐明的名词作进一步解说,阐明这个名词指的是谁或什么。如:
1)I had no idea that he told us a lie. (我不知道他对咱们说了大话。)
2)You have to produce enough evidence that he is guilty.(你得拿出满足的证据阐明他有罪。)
3)There was little possibility that they would succeed. (他们成功的可能性极小。)
4)There can be no doubt that TV violence affects children. (毫无疑问,暴力电视节目对儿童有不良影响。)
exposure to “暴露于…”,如:
1)The best part of the job was her constant exposure to books.(她这个作业的最大优点是能经常触摸书籍。)
have an effect on “对…有作用(影响)”,如:
1)Constant rain had much effect on the harvest. (持续的降雨对收成有很大的影响。)
2)The cement factory has much effect on the environment.(水泥厂对环境的影响很大。)
3)His persuasion15 had little effect on her.(他的劝说对她没什么作用。)
2.…the amount of television time allocated16 each week to violent programs increased significantly.
…the number of violent acts on television…has increased…。
上面两个句子平分别用了amount和number两个词。amount用来修饰从体积,重量,金额等方面着眼的东西,一般在of后接用不可数名词;而number则用以修饰可数的人或物。在第一个句子中,amount of后边用的是不可数名词time,第二个句子中number of后边用的是可数名词acts.再请看例句:
1)A large amount of money has been spent on this project.(一大笔钱已经花在了这个工程上。)
2)The amount of work assigned to him was formidable.(分配给他做的作业量极大。)
3)The number of students of the university has been increasing. (这所大学的学生人数在增加。)

4)The number of tourists to that place is limited.(去那个地方旅行的人数有限。)

请注意差异act和action这两个名词。①这两个名词都表明“行为”,“行为”的意思,常可互换使用。act强调行为的成果,而不触及行为的动机与性质,常是即兴,瞬间的行为;action偏重于动作的方法和过程。②act行为的发出者可所以人也可所以物;action只是物。③在须用不可数名词表明总的概念时,多用action,而一般不用act.如:
1)The time has come for action/act.(采取行为的时刻了。)
2)The thoughtless young man did another foolish act.(那个鲁莽的年轻人又做了件傻事。)
3)Every sudden emotion quickens the action of the heart.(每件出人意料的令人激动的工作都能加速心跳。)
4)Actions speak louder than words.(现实胜于雄辩。)






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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